Regulating Connectivity of Multimodal Digital Mobility Services journal article Christian Koenig, Carlos Deniz Cesarano European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 7 (2023), Issue 2, Page 99 - 111 Multimodal Digital Mobility Services (MDMS) increase the attractiveness of the public mobility sector and thereby contribute to sustainable, demand-oriented and climate-friendly passenger transport. However, MDMS are currently deployed in a fragmented manner, lacking a proper legal and market framework to develop more successfully and to provide a full range of offers across the EU. The mobility sector is characterised by market power asymmetries and vertical integration, which are obstacles to the deployment of MDMS. These obstacles must be overcome by a clear European legal framework providing adequate regulatory instruments in order to create a level playing field that enables effective competition in the distribution markets. When shaping this legal framework within the MDMS-Initiative of the European Commission, existing legislation from other regulated sectors can be considered as legislative references. Keywords: multimodal digital mobility services; distribution markets; data access; unbundling; distribution commission
Theories of Harm in the Implementation of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation Adina Claici, Peter Davis, Gerhard Dijkstra