Implementation of the ECN+ Directive ∙ Lithuania: Investigative and Sanctioning Powers of the Lithuanian Competition Council - Making a Strong NCA journal article Rita Paukštė European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 5 (2021), Issue 3, Page 276 - 279
Implementation of the ECN+ Directive ∙ Portugal: Small but Significant Non-Guaranteed Improvements journal article Miguel Sousa Ferro, Ana Rita Calmeiro European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 5 (2021), Issue 3, Page 305 - 309
Implementation of the ECN+ Directive ∙ Netherlands: Strengthening Cooperation with National Competition Authorities journal article Karlijn de Groes, Tim Raats European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 5 (2021), Issue 3, Page 294 - 298
Implementation of the ECN+ Directive ∙ Latvia: Still a Long Way to Go journal article Liga Merwin European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 5 (2021), Issue 3, Page 273 - 275
Implementation of the ECN+ Directive ∙ Spain: A First Assessment journal article Jerónimo Maillo European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 5 (2021), Issue 3, Page 321 - 324
Implementation of the ECN+ Directive ∙ Sweden: Extended Powers for the Competition Authority journal article Helene Andersson European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 5 (2021), Issue 3, Page 325 - 329
Finland ∙ Fines Increased in the Bus Cartel Case journal article Satu-Anneli Kauranen European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 4 (2020), Issue 1, Page 27 - 32
HSBC Holdings and Others v Commission: Fining Methods Under the Spotlight (T-105/17 HSBC Holdings) journal article Niccolò Colombo European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 4 (2020), Issue 1, Page 40 - 44 Case T-105/17 HSBC Holdings and Others v Commission, Judgment of the General Court of 24 September 2019 The General Court held that it could not perform an in-depth review on a key factor of the Decision that could have a significant effect on the fine imposed, which was sufficient grounds to annul the infringement Decision, notwithstanding the Commission’s potential finding of an anticompetitive conduct.
Italy ∙ Antitrust Authority Levies Only Symbolic Fine on National Rail Incumbent Guilty of Abusive Conduct journal article Michele Giannino European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 4 (2020), Issue 1, Page 36 - 39 Case A519 Affidamento diretto del servizio di trasporto pubblico ferroviario nel Veneto (Veneto Rail Transport), Decision of the Italian Competition Authority of 31 July 2019
Parallel Enforcement of Global Cartels: journal article Facts and Figures Pieter J.F. Huizing European Competition and Regulatory Law Review, Volume 4 (2020), Issue 2, Page 96 - 107 The history of active enforcement of cartels having a worldwide scope does not go back much further than twenty-five years. But a remarkable development has taken place within this relatively short timeframe. This article aims to provide quantitative insight into the changing nature of global cartel enforcement. It identifies 41 global cartels which were subject to corporate fines and which were discovered between 1990 and 2018. An analysis of the sanctioning of these cartels shows that more and more authorities are pursuing global cartels, often in parallel. The Auto parts, Maritime car carriers and Air cargo cartels for example were each subject to fines in ten or more different jurisdictions. The proliferation of authorities pursuing global cartels has contributed to the dramatic rise of the overall level of fines imposed for global cartel conduct. There are now nine global cartels for which penalties exceeding $1 billion have been imposed. In view of the increasingly crowded enforcement community, one would expect to see greater levels of inter-agency coordination in respect of not just the investigation but also the punishment of global cartels. However, attempts to coordinate the outcome of proceedings in order to reach an overall proportionate fine still appear to be both ad hoc and rare. Keywords: global cartels; international cartel enforcement; cartel fines; parallel enforcement; inter-agency coordination
Theories of Harm in the Implementation of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation Adina Claici, Peter Davis, Gerhard Dijkstra